Diabetes – Gestational

Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy. It occurs when the body cannot produce enough insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels. If left untreated, gestational diabetes can cause complications for both the mother and the baby.

Causes

During pregnancy, the placenta produces hormones that can make the body less sensitive to insulin. This can lead to insulin resistance, which means that the body cannot use insulin effectively to control blood sugar levels. As a result, blood sugar levels can rise, leading to gestational diabetes.

Symptoms

Gestational diabetes may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, some women may experience increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurred vision, or nausea.

Diagnosis

Gestational diabetes is typically diagnosed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy through a glucose tolerance test. This test involves drinking a sugary solution and having blood drawn to measure blood sugar levels. If blood sugar levels are higher than normal, further testing may be necessary to confirm a diagnosis.

Treatment

The treatment for gestational diabetes typically involves making lifestyle changes such as eating a healthy diet, getting regular exercise, and monitoring blood sugar levels. In some cases, medication may be necessary to help regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin injections may also be necessary in some cases.

It is important for women with gestational diabetes to closely monitor their blood sugar levels and follow the treatment plan provided by their healthcare provider. They should also attend all prenatal appointments and follow any additional recommendations provided by their healthcare provider. This may include monitoring fetal growth, managing blood pressure, or monitoring for signs of preterm labor.

If left untreated, gestational diabetes can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby. For the mother, complications can include preeclampsia (high blood pressure during pregnancy), cesarean delivery, and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. For the baby, complications can include macrosomia (a large birth weight), hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), and respiratory distress syndrome.