Pap Smear

A Pap smear, also called a Pap test, is a screening test used to detect early signs of cervical cancer. The test involves collecting cells from the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. The cells are then examined under a microscope to look for abnormal changes that could indicate the presence of cancer or precancerous cells.

Causes

The main cause of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common sexually transmitted infection. Other risk factors include smoking, having multiple sexual partners, and having a weakened immune system.

Symptoms

Early-stage cervical cancer may not cause any symptoms. As the cancer progresses, symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge, pelvic pain, and pain during sex.

Diagnosis

Pap smear is the most common screening test for cervical cancer. If abnormal cells are detected, further testing may be needed, such as a colposcopy, which is an exam that uses a special instrument to examine the cervix more closely.

Treatment

Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage and location of the cancer. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy.

To reduce the risk of cervical cancer, it is important to get regular Pap smears as recommended by your healthcare provider. Other precautions include practicing safe sex, limiting the number of sexual partners, and not smoking. The HPV vaccine is also recommended for young people to protect against certain strains of the virus that can cause cervical cancer.